By: Roger M. Kaldawy, M.D.

Milford Franklin Eye Center

Have you noticed more people wearing glasses these days? It’s not just a feeling. Refractive errors, those eye conditions that blur our vision, are becoming increasingly common, particularly nearsightedness (myopia). This article explores what these errors are, why they’re on the rise, and what we can do about it.

What are Refractive Errors?

Our eyes are intricate organs, acting like sophisticated cameras. Light enters, is bent (refracted) by the cornea and lens, and ideally focuses perfectly on the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. This focused image is then sent to the brain, allowing us to see clearly.

Refractive errors occur when the eye’s shape prevents light from focusing correctly on the retina, resulting in blurry vision. Common types include:

• Myopia (Nearsightedness): Close objects are clear, but distant objects are blurry. This happens when the eye is too long, or the cornea is too curved, causing light to focus in front of the retina.

• Hyperopia (Farsightedness): Distant objects are clear, but close objects are blurry. This occurs when the eye is too short, or the cornea isn’t curved enough, causing light to focus behind the retina.

• Astigmatism: Vision is blurry or distorted at all distances. This happens when the cornea or lens is irregularly shaped, preventing proper light focus.

• Presbyopia: This age-related condition makes focusing on close objects difficult. As we age, the lens loses flexibility, hindering its ability to change shape and focus up close. This is why many over 40 need reading glasses.

Why the Rise?

The increasing prevalence of refractive errors, especially myopia, is a global concern. While the exact causes are still being researched, several factors are believed to contribute:

• The Screen Time Surge: Our modern lives involve significant screen time – smartphones, tablets, computers, and televisions. This constant close-up focus strains the eyes and may contribute to myopia development and progression.

• The Great Indoors: Studies suggest that spending time outdoors, especially in childhood, has a protective effect against myopia. The wider range of distances the eyes focus on outdoors, along with increased natural light exposure, may be beneficial.

• The Genetic Factor: Genetics play a significant role. If your parents or siblings have myopia, you’re more likely to develop it.

• The Urban Influence: Urban environments often have limited green spaces and encourage indoor activities, potentially contributing to the myopia rise.

• Lifestyle Shifts: Changes in diet, like increased processed food consumption, and reduced physical activity may also play a role, though more research is needed.

What Can We Do?

While we can’t entirely eliminate the risk, we can take steps to minimize the impact and potentially slow myopia progression:

• Limit Screen Time: Encourage children and adults to take regular breaks. A helpful tool is the 20-20-20 rule: Every 20 minutes of screen time, take a 20-second break to look at something 20 feet away. This allows the eye muscles to relax and refocus, reducing strain.

• Embrace the Outdoors: Aim for at least 1-2 hours of daily outdoor activity, especially for children.

• Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: A balanced diet and regular physical activity are crucial.

• Regular Eye Exams: Comprehensive eye exams are essential, especially for children. Early detection and treatment are key.

• Corrective Lenses: Glasses or contacts are the most common and effective correction.

• Myopia Control: For children with progressive myopia, doctors may recommend treatments like atropine eye drops, multifocal contact lenses, or orthokeratology.

• Surgery: Refractive surgery like LASIK or PRK may be an option for some, but consult with an eye doctor to discuss risks and benefits.

The Future of Vision Care:

Researchers are actively exploring new prevention and treatment methods, investigating the roles of genetics, environment, and lifestyle. New technologies, such as advanced lens designs and drug therapies, are also being developed.

The increasing prevalence of refractive errors is a significant public health issue. By understanding the causes and taking proactive steps, we can protect our vision. Remember, regular eye exams are essential. If you have any concerns, consult an eye care professional.

Milford-Franklin Eye Center: Your Partner in Eye Health

At Milford-Franklin Eye Center, our dedicated team of ophthalmologists and optometrists, supported by highly trained staff, are available to treat various eye problems, including refractive errors. We offer a dedicated optical shop with a children’s boutique, providing quality glasses and contacts. We also provide world-class cataract surgery and advanced treatments, including procedures that can eliminate the need for glasses in select cases. All surgeries are performed in our accredited surgical facility. Our in-house optical shop crafts glasses while you wait, and new patients receive a complimentary pair of select frames. We offer after-hours, same-day emergency appointments and Saturday availability. With over four decades of dedicated service, Milford-Franklin Eye Center is committed to delivering advanced eye care close to home.

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